Observers noted the childs willingness to explore, separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, and reunion behavior. The monkeys never formed an attachment (privation) and, as such, grew up to be aggressive and had problems interacting with other monkeys. Based on your knowledge of the maternal deprivation hypothesis, what advice would you give Phil? They then defined learning theory as the study of the circumstances under which responses and cue stimuli become connected, and they focused their studies on imitation and copying. According to Miller and Dollard (1941), there are four essential factors involved in learning: the cue, the response, drive, and reward. Undesirable responses can be eliminated by punishment, producing a change in the response hierarchy. There is some anxiety at the choice point of the gradients, but it is rarely disabling. Konrad Lorenz (1935) supports Bowlbys monotropic theory as the attachment process of imprinting is an innate process that has a critical period. This internal working model is a cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self, and others. If there is too much criticism or too high an expectation for training, the child may learn avoidance of the parent to avoid punishment (hiding to do it in the pants.) As well as this, attachment types identified in the Strange Situation and used in Hazan and Shavers study relate only to the quality of the relationship with one person. Another problem with this type of study is that once the children are adopted, they may not wish to take part in the study anymore, so the results would not be representative. Phobias develop when a scary experience is not confronted, and generalizes to produce fears in similar situations. Research can be used to improve the quality of care of infants and to strengthen attachment bonds. Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. He argued that the first 2.5 years of life, the critical period, were crucial. There are also cultural differences in the role of the father. This essay could also be an 8 or 12-mark question. Note: Disinhibited attachment is where children dont discriminate between people they choose as attachment figures. WebDollard and Miller believe that studying neurotics is useful because they _____ A can be observed under controlled conditions. Rutter stresses that the quality of the attachment bond is the most important factor, rather than just deprivation in the critical period.
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