2013;14:25764. Subsequently the Keynote-048 study, a randomized multi-center phase III study from 37 countries, examined pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy (platinum plus fluorouracil) versus cetuximab with chemotherapy (the EXTREME regimen (32)) for first-line treatment of R/M HNSCC (14). J Natl Compr Canc Netw. The current results of anti-PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab monotherapy in melanoma indicated a median overall survival (OS) of approximately 2years, but the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 (nivolumab with ipilimumab) was shown to be superior in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and OS (Table1) [11,12,13,14,15]. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70017-6, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 2. Head and neck cancer was the seventh most common cancer worldwide in 2018 (890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths), 1 accounting for 3% of all cancers (51,540 new cases) and just over . PD-1 and CTLA-4 Combination Blockade Expands Infiltrating T Cells and Reduces Regulatory T and Myeloid Cells Within B16 Melanoma Tumors. Expert Rev Hematol. Randomized Phase III Trial of Induction Chemotherapy With Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil Followed by Surgery Versus Up-Front Surgery in Locally Advanced Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head And Neck Cancer - SlideShare This material is provided for educational purposes only and with the goal of encouraging further study about the landmark trials that have impacted oncology. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2017. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0872-y. In the era of precision cancer medicine, innovative trial designs will also require the matching of novel drugs with putative targets. doi: 10.1126/science.aax0902, 10. Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, Lee JS, Otterson GA, Audigier-Valette C, et al. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0915174107, 72. The three-planar views are crucial to understanding the malignant gradient. N Engl J Med. Ann Oncol (2014) 25(1):21625. Combinations of chlorambucil with an anti-CD2O monoclonal antibody, such as rituximab, ofatumumab or obinutuzumab, are now the standard of care in patients unsuited to receive fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab [34,35,36]. However, a potential setback is represented by the control arm since chlorambucil is no longer regarded an adequate therapy in CLL [26]. 2009;92:414. Considering the treatment nave situation and the absence of treatment-resistant cells compared with the R/M setting, neoadjuvant immunotherapy is hypothetically likely able to result in a strong and durable therapeutic effect. However, PD-L1 negative tumors sometimes respond to CPI treatment, suggestingthe existence of other mechanisms. Google Scholar. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0577, 38. Friedman J, Moore EC, Zolkind P, Robbins Y, Clavijo PE, Sun L, et al.
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