/Pages 2 0 R FIRST INFORMATION REVOLUTION. O. Erstad, in International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition), 2010. During these events, they enjoyed the opportunity to plan, circulate information, and reinforce their message among the followers. Local performances number in the thousands, and every four years selection of a national champion is made before an audience of thousands and is broadcast on live television to many more. Those in non-literate societies do not necessarily think in fundamentally different ways from those in literate societies, as is commonly assumed. This can easily be the situation when introducing digital technologies in schools without considering the broader social issues of how children and young people use such technologies outside of schools (Buckingham, 2003). The study of Humans have used many different communication tools over the centuries, such as oral discussion, the book, the newspaper, or the internet. 4 0 obj Many people, even though today longtime Christians, continue to sense the presence of ancestral ghosts and other spirits. 1C S^YP*DLJ3y98SA? Retrieved, 10 October, 2010 from http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/litoral/litoral.html. oral tradition in the African diaspora But even up until the 18th century, most people still could not read or write, and "the book was still the preserve of a small and favored elite" (Febvre & Martin, 2010/1958, p. 104). endobj ORALITY, LITERACY, AND MODERN MEDIA - Michigan Prophetic messages of all sorts, in fact, are not unusual in Melanesia. The mystery of the archaic Homeric poemssimply put, Who was Homer and what relation did he have to the surviving texts?was solved by modern comparative investigation. The increase in literacy characteristic of our modern societies may prompt nostalgic attitudes hailing former states of presumably authentic orality. Ethnography of writing and reading Brian Street 19. While mediality is trivial, the conceptual aspect is best conceived of as a continuum, thus blurring any clearcut distinction between orality and scripturality. The earliest forms of human communication were oral languages (Ong, 2002, pp. /Rotate 0 While literacy is not necessarily good in and of itself, acquisition of literacy does tend to engender creative discontent necessary for social change to occur. In Europe, by the 13th century, privileged boys were chosen around the age of seven to begin instruction at newly created schools called "universities," where they studied the liberal arts of Latin grammar, Latin rhetoric, and philosophy. Elsewhere, prophets outlawed sex entirely as ritually necessary to ensure cargo's arrival. In terms of cultural and linguistic diversity, however, UNESCO has also long 1 0 obj Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection /C [0 0 0] As humankinds first and still most ubiquitous mode of communication, it bears a striking resemblance to one of the newest communication technologies, the Internet. These are the essential areas that nurses can reflect on, and develop and apply in intercultural communication with patients and their families. Most notably, they are rule-governed.
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